The game revolves around the main character, Goemon, and his exploits. As the name suggests, his character was based on Ishikawa Goemon, the noble thief of Japanese Folklore. Unlike its sequels, this game still doesn't features the comic situation and strange characters that define the series, and Goemon is portrayed as a noble thief rather than a plain hero.
The game plays a top view action/adventure game (similar to The Legend of Zelda) though it is separated by stages. In each level Goemon must find three passes in order to advance. Some of these passes are found in boxes, secret passages or can be bought. After finishing all the stages, the game will present you with a new Japanese province (eight total), but all the levels will remain the same. The ending, however, will different.
Like the rest of the series, Goemon can be powered up if certain items are found and/or bought, which can be lost after a few hits.
The MSX2 version has the option to be played in turns by two players, with the second player playing as a ninja named Nezumi KozÅ, which is the basis of Goemon's sidekick Ebisumaru. In addition, unlike the Family Computer version, the game has six more provinces with completely new levels after finishing the game once.